Transnasal-brain delivery of nanomedicines for neurodegenerative diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have become a serious global health problem as the population ages. Traditionally, treatment strategies for NDs included oral and intravenous administration; however, blood–brain barrier (BBB) can prevent drugs from reaching brain, rendering incomplete effect unsatisfactory. Additionally, prolonged or excessive use of that cross BBB damage liver kidney function. Recent studies shown nose-to-brain drug delivery noninvasively bypass BBB, allowing to enter brain through olfactory trigeminal nerve pathways; additionally, nanoparticle carriers enhance delivery. This review introduces carrier nanoparticles systems, compares advantages disadvantages different nanoparticles, discusses factors influencing nanomedicine enhancement strategies. We also summarize nanomedicines treating NDs, current challenges this approach, future promise nanomedicine-based ND treatment.